Are the following about interethnic relations correct? Test

PROFILE - Grade 11

1 - option.

1. Ethnic communities are

1) communities 2) elites 3) outcasts 4) nationalities

2. Which of the signs, first of all, distinguishes ethnic groups?

1) community of professional interests

2) a similar level of income and quality of life

3) commonality of historical experience, historical memory

4) belonging to a single age group

3. One of the main trends in the development of modern interethnic relations, associated with the gradual convergence of various peoples and nations in the economic, political, spiritual spheres of society, is called

1) interethnic differentiation 2) international integration

3) cultural pluralism 4) ethnic conflict

4 . One of the ways to prevent inter-on-qi-o-nal conflicts in de-mo-kra-ty-che-society:

1) consistent on-ra-schi-va-nie in-en-no-go on-ten-qi-a-la state

2) a compact race of people of one na-qi-o-nal-no-sti in the pre-de-lah of a many-on-qi-o-nal-no-go state

3) ensuring the rights and freedoms of all citizens not-for-vi-si-mo from na-qi-o-nal affiliation

4) the creation of na-qi-o-nal-but one-but-native states

5 . Are the following judgments about interethnic relations correct?

A. Interethnic relations are woven into other social relations (political, economic, environmental, spiritual, linguistic).

B. Interethnic relations exist in their pure form, in isolation from other social relations.

6 . Are the following judgments about national identity correct?

A. National self-consciousness is an obligatory sign of an ethnic community.

B. National self-consciousness is formed from unconscious or semi-conscious stereotypes of behavior that distinguish one people from another;

1) only A is true 2) only B is true

3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect

7. One of the constitutional principles of national policy in the Russian Federation is:

1) exaggeration of the place and role of national-cultural autonomy within a single federal state

2) creation of conditions for the scattered residence of small peoples in the national environment

3) equality of all subjects of the Russian Federation in relations with federal government bodies

4) the priority of human rights, the establishment of privileges for the "indigenous" nation

8. Are the following judgments about the trends in the development of nations at the present stage correct?

AND . The process of rapprochement, unification of nations on the basis of economic integration.

B . The process of differentiation of nations, expressed in their desire for self-determination.

1) only A is true 2) only B is true

3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect

9. In a democratic state, national policy is implemented through:

1) guaranteeing the rights of small peoples

2) constitutional fixing of the national electoral qualification

3) granting rights to citizens on a national basis

4) restriction of the use of the national language

10. Find the forms of interethnic integration in the list below and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.- 2 points.

1) religious fanaticism

2) interpenetration of religions and cultures

3) protectionism in the economy

4) transnational corporations

5) globalization

Criteria for evaluation: 11 b. - “5” 10-8 b. - “4” 7-5 b.- “3” less than 5 b.- “2”

Test on the topic: “Ethnos and nation. Interethnic Relations.

PROFILE - Grade 11

Option 2.

For correctly completed tasks 1-9 - 1 point.

1. What community is characterized by the following features: peculiarities of language, culture, common historical memory?

1) professional 2) territorial

3) demographic 4) ethnic

2. One of the signs of a people as an ethno-cultural community is:

1) single citizenship 2) unity of convictions

3) community of social status 4) community of religion

3. The is-to-ri-che-sky varieties of eth-ni-che-sky communities include:

1) states 2) tribes 3) estates 4) confessions

4 . Are the following judgments about na-qi-o-nal-policy true?

AND. In the Russian Fe-de-ra-tion na-qi-o-nal-naya po-li-ti-ka na-right-le-na on for-mi-ro-va-nie de-mo- Kra-ti-che-me-ha-niz-mov of resolution on-qi-o-nal-nyh and inter-on-qi-o-nal problems.

B. Kha-rak-ter on-chi-o-nal-noy in-li-ti-ki for-wee-sit from specific is-to-ri-che-sky conditions.

1) only A is true 2) only B is true

3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect

5 . Towards a culture of interethnic relationsnot applicable:

1) realization of the rights and freedoms of persons of any nationality

2) respect for national identity

3) recognition of the right of every people to have access to the achievements of world civilization

4) manifestation of national mistrust

6 . Are the following statements about ethnicity correct?

A. As an ethnos develops, its biological features decrease and socio-political ones increase.

B. Ethnic groups include tribes, nationalities and nations.

1) only A is true 2) only B is true

3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect

7 . One of the ways to resolve interethnic conflicts is:

1) the presence of a democratic constitutional state

2) the use of armed forces in conflicts

3) national isolation

4) absolutization of national sovereignty

8 . Are the following judgments about the ethnic identity of the people correct?

AND . The ethnic self-consciousness of the people fixes the inherited cultural traditions, understanding of their place among other peoples.

B . The ethnic self-consciousness of the people has not yet formed at such a stage in the development of an ethnos as a tribe.

1) only A is true 2) only B is true

3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect

9. The trend towards interethnic integration in society reflects

1) separatism 2) rapprochement of peoples

3) national isolation 4) national differentiation

10. Find the forms of interethnic differentiation in the list below and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.- 2 points.

1) protectionism in the economy

2) transnational corporations

3) nationalism in various forms in politics and culture

4) globalization

5) self-isolation

Criteria for evaluation:

11 b. - "five"

10-8 b - "4"

7-5 b.- "3"

less than 5 points - "2"

Test

Test in social studies Nations and interethnic relations for grade 10 with answers. The test includes two parts. Choice questions (10 tasks) and short answer tasks (3 tasks).

Choice questions

1. A person's belonging to a particular ethnic group is indicated by the concept

1) nationality
2) nation
3) nationality
4) people

2. Nation versus class

1) develops with the emergence of the state
2) is an ethnic community
3) is a large social group
4) is formed in the conditions of a primitive society

3. The main causes of interethnic conflicts include (-yatsya)

1) everyday prejudices and stereotypes of everyday consciousness
2) infringement of the dignity of the individual on a racial or national basis
3) a negative reaction to the discrimination of one of the ethnic groups carried out and justified by the authorities
4) all of the above

4. It does not apply to the culture of interethnic relations

1) realization of the rights and freedoms of persons of any nationality
2) respect for national identity
3) recognition of the right of every people to have access to the achievements of world civilization
4) manifestation of national mistrust

5. Are the following statements about ethnicity correct?

A. As an ethnos develops, its biological features decrease and socio-political ones increase.
B. Ethnic groups include tribes, nationalities and nations.

1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4) both judgments are wrong

6. Are the following judgments about national identity correct?

A. National identity is an obligatory sign of an ethnic community.
B. National self-consciousness is formed from unconscious or semi-conscious stereotypes of behavior that distinguish one people from another.

1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4) both judgments are wrong

7. Are the following judgments about interethnic relations correct?

A. Interethnic relations are woven into other social relations (political, economic, environmental, spiritual, linguistic).
B. Interethnic relations exist in their pure form, in isolation from other social relations.

1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4) both judgments are wrong

8. In 1991, in the German city of Hayerswerde, neo-fascists and skinheads, armed with knives and gas pistols, destroyed the hostel of Vietnamese and Mozambican refugees. This is an example

1) cultural pluralism
2) tolerance
3) racial intolerance
4) assimilation

9. In the XVII-XVIII centuries. on the basis of closely related nationalities, which took shape in the early Middle Ages - northern French and Provencal - there was a consolidation of the French. What additional information will allow us to conclude that the French nation has formed?

1) is a rather unstable ethnic entity
2) represents an ethnic entity that has common social institutions, norms and values
3) represents a community inferior in number to the nationality
4) is a community characterized by family ties

10. In Belgium the official languages are French, Danish and German, in Switzerland - German, French and Italian. This is an example

1) interethnic integration
2) assimilation
3) ethnic mixing
4) cultural pluralism

Short answer questions

1. Write down the missing word in the diagram.

2. Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, are connected with the concept of “rights of peoples”.

Cultural identity, discrimination, self-identification, self-determination, cultural heritage.

Find and write down a term that is not related to the concept of “rights of peoples”.

3. Read the text below, each position of which is indicated by a specific letter.

(A) In the last quarter of the 20th century, more than 40 armed interethnic conflicts flared up in various parts of the globe. (B) Arising on the territory of one or more countries, they then turned into full-scale wars. (B) Often their reasons, in our opinion, could be territorial claims or pathological intolerance towards another nation. (D) It is believed that surrendering to the power of national feelings, people acted contrary to common sense.

Determine which provisions of the text are worn

1) actual character
2) the nature of value judgments

Answers to the test in social studies Nations and interethnic relations for grade 10
Choice questions
1-3
2-2
3-4
4-4
5-3
6-1
7-1
8-3
9-2
10-4
Short answer questions
1. Ethnos (people)
2. Discrimination
3. 1122

6. Are the following judgments about interethnic relations correct?

A. Interethnic relations include the relationship of individuals in the process of production, in the development of culture.

B. Interethnic relations include the relations of nationalities in the process of production, in the development of culture.

1) only A is true;

2) only B is true;

3) both judgments are true;

4) both judgments are wrong.

7. Belittling, belittling, infringement of rights on a national basis:

1) nationalism; 3) apartheid;

2) conflict; 4) discrimination.

8. Are judgments about interethnic relations correct?

A. Interethnic relations are relations between different nationalities within one state.

B. Interethnic relations are relations between different nation-states.

1) only A is true;

2) only B is true;

3) both judgments are true;

4) both judgments are wrong.

9. In Belgium, the official languages are French, Danish and German. This is an example:

1) formation of a multinational state;

2) ethnocentrism;

3) national integration;

4) cultural integration.

10. In 1991, in the German city of Hoierswerda, neo-fascists, armed with knives and gas pistols, destroyed the hostel of Vietnamese and Mozambican refugees. This is an example:

1) national and racial intolerance;

2) ethnocentrism;

3) military conflict;

4) deviant behavior.

6.15. Social conflict and ways to resolve it

1. Are the following statements about conflict correct?

A. Conflict is a clash of opposing goals, interests, positions, and views of the subjects of interaction.

B. A changing set of conditions for typical types of life activity and behavior of people in all spheres of public life: in work, everyday life, political and cultural life.

2. Are the following judgments about the conflict situation correct?

A. The situation is a conflict when the parties counteract without experiencing negative emotions.

B. The situation is a conflict when negative emotions are experienced, but outwardly they do not manifest themselves.

1) only A is true; 3) both judgments are true;

2) only B is true; 4) both judgments are wrong.

3. The conflict between the Russian Federation and the Chechen Republic according to the degree of tension is:

1) low-intensity conflict;

2) medium intensity;

3) high intensity;

4) the highest intensity.

4. The conflict in Ukraine between supporters of Yushchenko and Yanukovych is:

1) economic conflict;

2) cultural conflict;

3) political conflict;

4) domestic conflict.

5. Are the following statements about the dynamics of the conflict correct?

A. The conflict between the US and Iran, the US and North Korea over Iran's and North Korea's attempt to create nuclear weapons is in an open period.

B. The conflict between the United States and the terrorist organization Al-Qaeda is in a latent period.

1) only A is true;

2) only B is true;

3) both judgments are true;

4) both judgments are wrong.

6. A quarrel between friends, relatives, strangers is an example:

1) social conflict;

2) interpersonal conflict;

3) psychological conflict;

4) social tension.

7. It is more difficult for women than for men to deal with work and family. This requires a lot of time and effort, which primarily leads to:

1) social conflict;

2) interpersonal conflict;

3) intrapersonal conflict;

6. 16. National policy

1. National policy is:

1) one of the spheres of politics, a set of measures of all branches of government in the field of national relations;

2) the totality of the main goals, principles and activities of state authorities, local self-government, aimed at realizing the social rights of citizens provided for by the Constitution;

3) a set of measures aimed at realizing the political rights of young people;

4) a changing set of conditions and typical types of life and behavior of people.

2. Are the following judgments about the current national policy of the Russian state correct?

A. A necessary basis for the development of society is ethno-political integration.

B. The state-forming ethnic group is assigned the right to control territory, power and natural resources.

1) only A is true;

2) only B is true;

3) both judgments are true;

4) both judgments are wrong.

3. What is the name of the ideology and politics based on the idea of national superiority and national exclusivity:

1) racism;

2) nationalism;

3) apartheid;

4) chauvinism.

4. The main direction of the development of nations and national relations in the modern world is:

1) interethnic integration;

2) interethnic differentiation;

3) self-development of nations;

4) integration (expansion of connections) and differentiation (self-development).

5. Which event reflects the national trend in the development of nations:

1) expansion of the European Community;

2) formation of the CIS;

3) the Sikh movement in India for the creation of an independent state of Khalistan;

4) the creation of the organization of the Club of Rome.

6. The principle of humanism in solving national problems is manifested:

1) in the voluntary search for consent and renunciation of violence;

2) in recognizing the priority of human rights over the rights of the state, society, peoples;

3) respect for the sovereignty of peoples and their right to self-determination;

4) all of the above.

7. Solution of the national question:

1) impossible in modern conditions;

2) requires an integrated approach, including the activities of the state on the principles of democracy and humanism;

3) possibly by force;

4) 2 and 3 are correct.

7. Politics

7.1. Power, its origin and types

1. What kind of power is power over people with the help of scientific knowledge, information; control over the media:

1) economic power;

2) political power;

3) cultural and information power;

4) social power.

2. The ability, right and opportunity to command, dispose and manage someone, something is called:

2) the state; 4) sanction.

3. The term "politics" was first introduced into scientific circulation:

1) K. Marx;

2) Aristotle;

3) M. Weber;

4) V. Lenin.

4. Recognition by society or its majority of the existing power characterizes it:

1) legality;

2) legitimacy;

3) etatism;

4) realism.

5. Are the following judgments about the nature of political power correct?

A. Political power is exercised in a society divided into classes and other socio-economic groups.

B. Political power is exercised through special political institutions.

1) only A is true;

2) only B is true;

3) both judgments are true;

4) both judgments are wrong.

6. The action of political power is:

1) an order to expel a student for poor progress;

2) an order on the operation of the department store on public holidays;

4) adoption of the law on public organizations.

7. Political action does not include:

1) an election company;

2) a coup d'état;

3) political organizations;

4) referendum.

8. Are the following statements about political activity correct?

A. The activities of the subjects of politics are aimed at society, at preserving its integrity, as well as at implementing changes in it that meet the interests of the whole society.

B. A distinctive feature of political activity is its focus on society as a whole.

1) only A is true;

2) only B is true;

3) both judgments are true;

4) both judgments are wrong.

9. Supporters who consider politics as part of the science of morality (ethics), who believe that politicians should serve society, engage in its spiritual healing are representatives of:

1) political moralism;

2) political immorality;

3) political immorality;

4) political realism.

10. Political power is exercised by:

1) rector of the university;

2) Chairman of the Government;

3) director of a construction company;

4) the chairman of a commercial bank.

current test. Nations and international relations. Option number 1

1. A person's belonging to a particular ethnic group is indicated by the concept

1) nationality 2) nation 3) nationality 4) people

2. Nation as opposed to class

1) develops with the emergence of the state 2) is an ethnic community

3) is a large social group 4) is formed in the conditions of a primitive society

3. The main reasons for interethnic conflicts include (-yatsya)

1) everyday prejudices and stereotypes of everyday consciousness

2) infringement of the dignity of the individual on a racial or national basis

3) a negative reaction to the discrimination of one of the ethnic groups carried out and justified by the authorities

4) all of the above

4. The culture of interethnic relations does not apply

1) realization of the rights and freedoms of persons of any nationality

2) respect for national identity

3) recognition of the right of every nation to have access to the achievements of world civilization.

4) manifestation of national mistrust

5. Are the following judgments about the ethnic group correct?

A. As an ethnos develops, its biological features decrease and socio-political ones increase.

B. Ethnic groups include tribes, nationalities and nations.

6. Are the following judgments about national identity correct?

A. National identity is an obligatory sign of an ethnic community.

B. National self-consciousness is formed from unconscious or semi-conscious stereotypes of behavior that distinguish one people from another;

1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong

7. Are the following judgments about interethnic relations correct?

A. Interethnic relations are woven into other social relations (political, economic, environmental, spiritual, linguistic).

B. Interethnic relations exist in their pure form, in isolation from other social relations.

1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong

8. In 1991, in the German city of Hayerswerde, neo-fascists and "skinheads", armed with knives and gas pistols, destroyed the hostel of Vietnamese and Mozambican refugees. This is an example

1) cultural pluralism 2) tolerance 3) racial intolerance 4) assimilation

1) is a rather unstable ethnic entity

2) represents an ethnic entity that has common social institutions, norms and values

3) represents a community inferior in number to the nationality

4) is a community characterized by family ties

10. In Belgium the official languages are French, Danish and German, in Switzerland - German, French and Italian. This is an example,

1) interethnic integration 2) assimilation 3) ethnic mixing 4) cultural pluralism

11. Write down the word missing in the diagram.

Answer:________________________________

current test. Nations and international relations. Option number 2

1. One of the signs that characterize an ethnic community is

1) living in the territory of a certain ethnic group 2) awareness of belonging to this ethnic group

3) participation in the economic life of this ethnic group 4) knowledge of the language of this ethnic group

2. The earliest type of ethnic group

1) nationality 2) nation 3) tribe 4) supra-ethnic communities

3. In the political and legal approach, a nation is understood as a community

1) people united by religion 2) citizens of a particular state

3) people speaking the same language 4) people united by a common tradition, customs

4. Representatives of the same ethnic community must

1) live in the same country 2) have the same eye color

3) adhere to the same ideology 4) have a common identity

5. Interethnic relations are

1) relations between people that develop in historically defined social forms

2) relations between states, nations, groups, individuals, emerging in the process of exercising power

3) interaction of several socio-ethnic communities

4) a system of economic relations between the economies of different countries

6. To national discord, enmity and suspicions on national grounds leads

1) cohabitation in one state

2) the emergence of a trend towards national self-determination

3) inequality in the level of economic and cultural development

4) development of folk culture

7. Ethno-social conflicts arise as a result of

1) national consolidation 2) economic crisis

3) development of democracy 4) discrimination based on nationality

8. One of the ways to resolve ethno-national conflicts is politics

1) nationalism 2) multiculturalism 3) chauvinism 4) segregation

9. One of the ways to prevent interethnic conflicts is

1) the presence of a democratic rule of law 2) the use of armed forces in conflicts

3) national isolation 4) absolutization of national sovereignty

10. One of the constitutional principles of national policy in the Russian Federation is

1) exaggeration of the place and role of national-cultural autonomy within a single federal state

2) creation of conditions for the scattered residence of small peoples in a foreign environment

3) equality of all subjects of the Russian Federation in relations with federal government bodies

4) the priority of human rights, the establishment of privileges for the "indigenous" nation

11. Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, are connected with the concept of “rights of peoples”.

Cultural identity, discrimination, self-identification, self-determination, cultural heritage.

Find and write down a term that is not related to the concept of “rights of peoples”.

Answer:__________________________

12. Read the text below, each position of which is indicated by a specific letter.

Determine which provisions of the text are worn

1) factual nature 2) nature of value judgments

Test "Nations and national relations"

1. A sign of an ethnic social community

1) class division 2) single citizenship 3) language and culture 4) religion and morality

2. Definition:"A set of genera interconnected by a common culture, origin, dialect, religious beliefs, rites" refers to the concept

1) family 2) people 3) tribe 4) nation

3. The name of the person's belonging to any ethnic group

1) people 2) nationality 3) nation 4) tribe

4. Are the following judgments about the ethnic identity of the people correct?

A. The ethnic self-consciousness of the people fixes the inherited cultural traditions, understanding of their place among other peoples.

B. The ethnic self-consciousness of the people has not yet formed at such a stage in the development of an ethnos as a tribe.

1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong

5. Are the following statements about the nation correct?

A. People belonging to the same nation are united by a common historical and cultural tradition.

B. People belonging to the same nation always speak the same language.

1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are true 4) both judgments are wrong.

6. Definition:"Ideology and politics, consisting in the preaching of national exceptionalism and national superiority, aimed at inciting national hatred and inciting one nation against another in the interests of one nation" refers to the concept

1) xenophobia 2) genocide 3) discrimination 4) nationalism

7. Are the following judgments about the trends in the development of nations at the present stage correct?

A. The process of rapprochement, unification of nations on the basis of economic integration.

B. The process of differentiation of nations, expressed in their desire for self-determination.

1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong

8. The trend towards interethnic integration in society reflects

1) separatism 2) rapprochement of peoples 3) national isolation

4) national differentiation

9. The reason for the emergence of conflicts on ethnic grounds is (are)

1) strengthening of inflationary processes in the economy

2) infringement of the rights of national minorities

3) environmental problems in the regions

4) property differentiation of the population

10. Genocide is

1) the policy of forcible isolation of the population on the basis of racial discrimination

2) a policy aimed at the destruction of any national, ethnic or religious

3) restriction or deprivation of the rights of certain groups of people on national, political or other social grounds

4) the ideology and policy of the priority of the national factor in social development

11. In a democratic state, national policy is implemented through

1) guaranteeing the rights of small peoples

2) constitutional fixing of the national electoral qualification

3) granting rights to citizens on a national basis

4) restriction of the use of the national language

12. Are the following judgments about social tension in society correct?

A. Social tension in society is characterized by a loss of trust in the authorities.

B. Social tension in society is characterized by spontaneous mass actions.

1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong

IN 1 . Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, are connected with the concept of "national policy".

Assimilation; racism; discrimination; stratification; ethnic cleansing.

IN 3 . Match between the tendencies of the development of nations and examples

Display examples

A) transnational corporations

B) protectionism in the economy

B) religious fanaticism

D) economic and political unions

D) nationalism in politics and culture

The main trends in the development of nations

1) international differentiation

2) cross-national integration

AT 4 . Find the forms of interethnic differentiation in the list below and circle the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. protectionism in the economy

2. transnational corporations

3. nationalism in various forms in politics and culture

4. globalization

5. self-isolation

AT 5. Read the text below, each position of which is numbered.

(1) Nationalistic psychology does not arise by itself and independently of national psychology. (2) According to many experts, it is based on national psychic formations. (3) Under the influence of mass interests, they become the subject of absolutization and turn into a certain set of distorted and simplified ideas about the people of their own and other nations and nationalities. (4) These ideas are reinforced by an uncritically perceived response of a negative attitude towards representatives of other socio-ethnic communities.

Determine which provisions of the text are worn

A) actual character

B) the nature of value judgments

Write under the position number the letter that indicates its nature. Transfer the resulting sequence of letters to the answer sheet.

B 6. Read the text below with a number of words missing. Choose from the proposed list of words to be inserted in place of the gaps.

“The concepts of “______” (1) and “ethnos” are similar, so their definitions are similar. Recently, the term “ethnos” (more precisely) has been increasingly used in ethnography, sociology and political science. There are three types of ethnos. the emergence of states, ________ (5) appear, consisting of people connected to each other not by blood relationship, but by economic and cultural relations of a territorial-neighborly type. , historical, territorial and political in nature and having, according to the English historian D. Hosking, "a single sense of fate" ".

A) origin B) tribe C) community D) nation E) people

F) nationality G) nationality 3) race I) diaspora

C7 Sikhs in India, Tamils in Sri Lanka, the Basques in Spain are in favor of creating their own states, and the interethnic conflict in these countries has resulted in many years of bloody armed confrontation. What caused interethnic conflicts in these countries? Name any two other causes of interethnic conflicts.

From 8 you were instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "Nations and national relations." Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Test "Nations and national relations" Answers

Option 1

B 2-stratification

B5 - ABAA

B 6-DBVAYEG

C7 Sikhs in India, Tamils in Sri Lanka, Basques in Spain are in favor of creating their own states, and the interethnic conflict in these countries has resulted in many years of bloody armed confrontation. What caused interethnic conflicts in these countries? Name any two other causes of interethnic conflicts.

Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:

1) an indication that the cause of interethnic conflicts in these countries was the desire of individual peoples for political independence;

2) other reasons, for example:
- the demand for cultural autonomy;
- the struggle for true equality.

Other reasons may be given.

C 8 1) Ethnic groups in the structure of society. / Nations - a special kind of ethnic group.

2) Signs of an ethnic group:

a) the presence of the territory of residence;

b) common language, traditions, customs;

c) commonality of historical and sociocultural experience;

d) similar features of appearance, character and mentality.

3) Varieties of ethnic groups:

a) clan and tribe;

b) nationality;

4) The main trends in the development of interethnic relations:

a) international integration;

b) international differentiation.

5) Democratic principles of interethnic relations:

a) equality of representatives of different nations in all spheres of society;

b) free access to the study of national languages, customs and traditions;

c) the right of citizens to determine their nationality;

d) development of tolerance and multicultural dialogue in society;

e) creating in society an intolerant attitude towards xenophobia, chauvinism, propaganda of national exclusiveness.

6) Interethnic relations and national policy in modern Russia.