Math worksheets for kids 4 5. Printable activities

Classes for children 4 years old should be developmental and prepare the child for entering school, teach the child to read and write, develop his abilities, and knowledge of the world around him. Experts say that at 4 years old it is already possible to sit a child at the table and study according to manuals for preschoolers. But in practice, a child will not sit for more than 15–20 minutes at a developmental notebook or book - this is the time that each task from such manuals is designed for. There are, of course, children who can sit with developmental notebooks and study with enthusiasm for 30 minutes. But when a child doesn’t want to, there is no need to force him. A 4-year-old child is very active, he is interested in running, jumping, playing with toys, and your task is to develop him through play.

How to teach a child through the game in which he spends most of his time? Let's look at: how to turn games into educational activities for 4-year-old children, what toys and materials will help you with this; What educational notebooks and books do children enjoy studying with?

What and how to develop in classes with children aged 4 years

• Fine motor skills, sensory skills. Model from plasticine, clay; assemble the constructor; make crafts from natural materials and cereals; weave from ropes and elastic bands; plant beads; draw with sand, sculpt from it; paint and draw with pencils and brushes, using different hands and holding the tool in different ways, making different strokes.
• Logic, thinking. Play board games for children (lotto, dominoes, go through mazes); solve riddles; play “What happens if...? (the ball will fall into the water, it will rain, etc.)"
• Attention, memory. Ask questions, for example, about what the child saw on the street when he was walking - “What color was that dog, who did you meet on the playground, what was he wearing, what color, etc.”; ask to talk about a story from a book you just read; collect construction blocks from memory, draw from memory; play reverse cards with pictures that the child must remember, etc.
• Grammar. Learn letters and names of objects starting with that letter in a playful way. When learning letters, you can simultaneously begin to study simple syllables.
• Arithmetic. Learn numbers and counting, addition and subtraction of simple numbers in a playful way.
• Speech development. Learn rhymes. During the game, ask the child to tell, offering him different items and objects: “What kind of object does he see in front of him? What is he doing? What is it for?
• Fantasy and creative skills. Draw; sculpt; assemble the constructor; do crafts; be sure to learn songs and sing with the children; dance to music, learn joint dances; come up with puppet shows, improvise with the plot.
• Physical skills. Dance, with ribbon, sword; play Twister and other outdoor games; do children's yoga; walk on bicycles and scooters, play outdoor games.
• Knowledge of the surrounding world. Study the time on the clock; seasons and months; weather features; animals and where they live; urban and natural sites; forms; textures; smells; colors, etc.

What should a 4 year old child know?

If your child doesn’t know yet, start learning:

• Directions (left, right, up, down, etc.).
• Colors.
• Forms.
• Types of animals.
• Transport.
• Plants and natural objects.
• City objects.
• State of nature and weather.
• Properties of objects and objects and their application (this is how you will develop the child’s vocabulary and speech as a whole).
• City sounds, sounds of nature, animals, etc.
• Smells.

Required additional activities for children aged 4 years

• Solving riddles.
• Reading with mom.
• Physical exercises (on a fitball, with a tape, a bicycle, a scooter, a ball and other games that develop the child’s physics).
• Applied arts (drawing with brushes and pencils using different hands and holding the instrument in different ways, modeling, applique, weaving)

We have already written articles on the topics - read in more detail by following the links with the skills you need.

Activities for children aged 4 years using benefits

It is better to buy all manuals, books and notebooks in bookstores, rather than download them from the Internet and print them on a home printer. On the Internet you will not find material of decent quality, and when printed on a home printer it will deteriorate even more - you cannot offer this to children, you risk ruining all the fun of the lesson. But even in a bookstore, you need to choose with special care, so that the book is compiled by progressive specialists, the tasks are clear and interesting to the child, and the pictures awaken additional interest in the lessons.

1. Manual “Annual course of developmental activities (for gifted children 4-5 years old)” includes a full annual course of developmental classes for children 4-5 years old in the main areas of preschool education: literacy, mathematics, preparing the hand for writing, getting to know the outside world, developing speech, logic, attention, imagination.
   
2. Set of 7 manuals “School of Little Geniuses. For 4-5 years old" is a comprehensive program of classes that covers all areas of child development and education and complies with the Federal State Standard for Preschool Education. Each kit contains methodological material to prepare a child for school and general development. Each book contains entertaining educational tasks, exercises and games.
3. Manual “Annual course of studies. For children 4-5 years old" contains the main topics of preschool education, with pictures of the child's favorite multiplex characters.

What to look for when choosing educational aids, books, and workbooks with tasks for 4-year-old children:

• Almost all manuals with tasks are designed for a certain age and it is indicated on the cover - select by age.
• Activities for children for 4 years old must correspond not only to their age, but also to their abilities - the child must solve all the tasks assigned to him without making excessive efforts, otherwise he will need to move on to easier tasks, and there is nothing wrong with that. This way you will maintain your child’s interest in classes without discouraging the desire to learn.
• Choose professional authors who compile manuals; usually their experience and qualifications are described in the manual itself - the author must have a specialty and considerable experience in teaching preschoolers.
• Choose manuals with high-quality illustrations - this is very important for children. Illustrations should be: colored in calm colors, consistent with the original objects, without excessive brightness; aesthetic, kind and sweet; understandable for a 4-year-old child, with the basic features of identifying objects (the hare should look like a hare); depict adequate emotions, gestures and movements; images must correspond to the text and be consistent; There should be air around the images (white background) for better perception.

1. Manual “Logic and Thinking”
2. The manual “Getting ready for school. Learning numbers and shapes. For children 4-5 years old"
3. The manual “Magic labyrinths. For children 4-6 years old"
4. “Learning to tell time. An hour and half an hour. For children 3-5 years old"
5. And other benefits from the KUMON training center"

How to study with benefits

Classes on manuals, at the initial stage, should take 15–20 minutes. A four-year-old child is not able to sit for more than this time, and you should not force him. Choose those tasks from the manual that the child is more likely to be interested in, unless a clear sequence of tasks is recommended. Don’t forget that it is important to do everything with pleasure, praise your child for completing a task correctly, and not scold him if something doesn’t work out. Remember that these rules are important, especially if you want your child to study well and with interest in the future.

The manuals contain activities for children aged 4 years:

• on the development of logic and thinking;
• attention and memory training;
• imagination and creative skills;
• training fine motor skills of the hands;
• literacy tasks;
• arithmetic tasks;
• tasks for speech development;
• introducing the child to ideas about the world around him.

There are manuals for each of the areas separately, and there are those that contain all the necessary categories, which is quite convenient.

Educational activities for children 4 years old in a playful way

The child is constantly in the game; parents only need to include the educational aspect in the game. Almost all games can be turned into educational activities for children 4 years old and older. And almost all toys can become educational material.

Constructors

Construction sets come first among educational toys. The construction set is a toy without gender division, as was previously thought, it will be equally interesting to both boys and girls. It is advisable to choose sets not only with different blocks, but also with characters, auxiliary items and objects. There are construction kits with the alphabet printed for learning letters; there are numbers and addition and subtraction signs; also constructors introducing children to the world around them, animals of different countries and continents, seasons, professions. For example, “Lego Duplo” - in this series the parts are quite large, there are sets for the little ones from 1 year, and there are from 2-5 years. The following series of the designer come from 3 years of Lego Classic - the parts are smaller in it and there are more of them in the sets. You can choose separate series for boys and girls.

Games with a constructor, we develop:

Fantasy and speech skills

Ask your child questions while playing, let him imagine what will happen next. Let's give the task to come up with a new figure from the designer, it is not necessary to assemble only according to the diagrams. Act out scenes with the characters of the designer, come up with names for them, activities, where they will live, who they will be friends with.

Logic

Just build from blocks, with or without diagrams, create your own schemes. Draw a shape, the boundaries of an object or a letter on a piece of paper with a marker, and let the child put it together from blocks. Set boundaries for colors and shapes. The cubes can be used in many ways, even making patterns on the floor. You can write numbers and letters on the cubes and stick small stickers on them; then give the child tasks: to put together such cubes with images according to some characteristics or meaning. Build a labyrinth out of cubes, ask the child to go through it on his own, ask him to build a labyrinth for you.

fine motor skills

The smaller the parts, the more quickly the child learns to handle them, developing his fine motor skills.

Attention and memory

By assembling the construction set according to the diagram attached to it, the child learns to follow it carefully. There are a lot of separate books with new patterns for the Lego constructor, which can be purchased additionally in bookstores. You can draw up your own diagrams, sketch them, make your own catalog - isn’t that an interesting project? You can also use these skills during the game itself, for example, by giving the task to collect from memory, as before, all the cars of a collided and crumbled train, etc.

Grammar

You can use a marker to write the letters of the Russian alphabet on the cubes, or stick stickers with letters and other images on the cubes, which you can also do with your child. These little stickers are sold in bookstores for planners. With the help of such prepared blocks, you can teach a child: asking you to select a letter to the desired image, putting the letters into syllables by connecting the blocks. You can make printed letters from the blocks themselves, after first drawing a diagram on a piece of paper. You can use blocks with letters and other images along with educational notebooks and books to make your learning more interactive and interesting.

Counting, addition and subtraction

Use number blocks and addition and subtraction signs that you can prepare with your children as described above. Or, for example, play a construction game: ask for a certain number of blocks of a certain color to be delivered to you, then add a few more of a different color, and stuff like that. The child perfects his counting in such interesting games.

Speech development

Use cubes with stickers depicting various objects - this way you can play store with characters, asking the child, in the role of a consultant, what he will recommend and why. Help him by introducing new words and let him use them in his explanations. Provoke your child to comment on the actions in the game - ask guiding questions. Learn to structure sentences correctly: by playing, for example, on a tourist excursion or in a train station, announcing the necessary announcements for train passengers.

Pros and cons of the designer

Pros of the designer: If you use your imagination, the construction set is a very multifunctional toy, with it you can come up with a lot of educational activities for children of 4 years and almost any preschool age, and besides, it is so interesting.

Disadvantages of the designer: Many parents complain about small parts scattered throughout the house. However, this can be dealt with: build a special play mat for the construction set; which is pulled into a bag, collecting all the parts, at the end of the game.

Parents also note that their child assembles construction sets only according to diagrams without showing imagination. There is a solution here too - buy classic Lego Classic blocks, they are designed so that the child will come up with figures and games on his own.

Board games are very popular today. This is not only educational activities for children aged 4 years, but also a fun time with parents and friends, the joy of winning, and training in an adequate attitude in case of loss. Board games are designed for different ages of children; for preschoolers these can be: puzzles for learning the alphabet; dominoes with images, numbers and letters; various walkthroughs with simple rules; or card games with beautiful illustrations. All this can be found in toy stores.

1. Good educational games for preschool children are published by the publishing house LISCIANI; you can choose individual games for the development of any skill or sets.
2. Another good manufacturer of educational games is Miniland. The games are intended for the development and education of preschool children.
3. And of course, the quite popular “Tenth Kingdom” produces a very large assortment of educational and educational games for children, with their favorite cartoon characters, for children of different ages.
4. When looking for a game to develop a specific skill (learning letters, writing, reading, counting), consider all publishers of educational children's games. The choice is large, but you can find almost everything you need for educational activities with children.

Pros of children's board games: Such games are built according to a ready-made plot (rules invented by the developers); you do not need to come up with tasks yourself, as with a construction set.

Cons of board games: They have limited functionality and are almost always limited by instructions.

Favorite toys

Any children's toys can become educational activities for children aged 4 years, here it is the same as with a construction set - the main thing is to show your imagination.

Some ideas for playful activities for boys

If your child loves cars, you can stick letters or numbers on them and make a parking lot for them. For each parking space, stick or draw an image whose name begins with the letter pasted on the car. Or paste the number of images that are written in numbers on the typewriter. Stick addition, subtraction, and even signs on the cars - and you can solve examples while driving around the playing field (track).

On whatman paper you can draw a route with cities, forests, natural and architectural places, you can even depict weather conditions. When driving along such a highway, study the directions with your child (left, right, up, down); develop your speech by asking questions - “What happens if you turn left, where will you arrive? What can you do there?"; draw route maps so that the child follows them to reach the desired destination, this way he will train attentiveness.

Show your imagination and come up with your own games and tasks, in them you can develop and learn everything that teachers teach children 4 years old in preschool institutions.

Several ideas for playful activities for girls

Almost all girls love either dolls or toy animals - and there is a huge scope for imagination. You can also learn the alphabet with dolls and animals by sticking letters on them; Give candy to the dolls, let the dolls share with each other, count how many candies the dolls have under different conditions, etc.

Dolls and animals are great tools for role-playing games. We play shop (we study addition and subtraction, letters, how to write the names of products, develop speech and thinking). We play theater (we develop imagination, speech, logic, memory, thinking) - we come up with short scenes, characters, names, memorize short poems; you can take a fairy tale from a children's book and stage a puppet show with toys based on the book.

Even a simple role-playing game of improvisation will help develop all the necessary skills - ask the child as many questions as possible about the environment, talk about what he does not yet know.

The benefits of educational activities with your favorite toys: The child is already immersed in games with his favorite toys; offer new scenarios in his game - interest in the activities is guaranteed.

Minuses: You will have to actively show your imagination, developing a scenario for developmental activities, preparing additional materials (printouts of letters, numbers, cards with additional items). Although all these additional materials can be bought at a children's or bookstore.

Available materials

Perhaps the most creative educational activities for children aged 4 years are crafts made from scrap materials. A variety of projects can be created from: natural materials, cereals, empty packaging, household items, paper and special materials for creativity.

Start with what you want to do (what task is ahead of you: learn letters, develop fine motor skills, etc.), what specific available tools are suitable for this, how to reliably glue or connect them - you need to show so much ingenuity. If you want to grow a creative personality, then more often resort to games made from improvised and natural materials.

Cereals and other small bulk objects (we develop motor skills and sensory skills)

Cereals can be sewn into toys made of thin fabric.

Flour can be placed in an inflatable ball, deflated and tied in a knot - the ball will hold its given shape well. You can additionally decorate it with plastic eyes and attach hair (a thread tassel).

You can draw with grains and sand by placing them on a tray or gluing them to a sheet of paper.

By pouring cereal or sand into a box, you can make a playing field (beach, construction site, garden) for a child to play.

Paper

Children's origami, the simplest, can be done by a child as young as 4 years old.

Applique: You can help your child by drawing simple shapes, let him cut them out with children's scissors and glue them himself.

You can cut out any objects for learning from paper, make educational notebooks with elements of appliqué and drawing (a doll's house, a track for cars with different locations, a forest, a city, a store, etc.) Use ready-made stickers in such notebooks, children love them very much .

Tubes, toothpicks

Cut tubes or use matches to fold an applique or build a house, use glue.

You can make a chain from the short parts of the tubes, connecting one end to the other.

You can make a hedgehog or a porcupine from a toothpick and potatoes.

You can build a helicopter from tubes, thick paper and a toilet paper roll, then paint it with acrylic paints.

Natural materials (cones, twigs, pebbles, acorns...)

From all this goodness you can get a lot of crafts of animals, birds, and people. Use plastic eyes, bright threads and colored paper.

Large smooth stones can be painted and turned into fancy creatures by attaching eyes and rope tails to them.

Threads and balls

Remember, you probably made dolls and animals from pompoms out of strings.

Threads can be woven and tied to mesh fabric to create intricate patterns.

And these are just a few of the ideas that can be developed using available materials. Lesson principle: lay out the necessary materials in front of the child, give a direction, offer to make a craft using a little ingenuity. Guide your child, offer your ideas if he is at a dead end. A child, coming up with and bringing such ideas to life, develops not only creative skills, he learns logic and non-standard thinking. And be sure to accompany your classes with guiding questions, counting, writing letters or numbers, come up with names, stories, study everything that comes to your hand.

Daily routine

And don’t forget that your educational play can be used to benefit the household and develop independence in the child. What kind of household chores can a child be entrusted with?

Cleaning. Think in advance about each place (house) for toys, where they will live when they are not playing with them. By the end of the game you will need to send the toy to rest (go home to sleep). And be sure to follow up with leading questions - “What will your black fluffy bear cub do at home before going to bed? Place a (toy) piece of fruit next to him for him to eat before bed. What fruit will you put in? What colour is he? Maybe put another one, how much fruit will the bear have then?” etc. Each item can be assigned a place (house) to which it must return to rest, otherwise it will become wrinkled, dirty (dusty), or lost.

Loading the washing machine and dishwasher. This is also a kind of quest for a child - to sort all things by color, texture, shape and purpose, set a program, there are numbers and letters that need to be remembered until next time. Children really like to press buttons, let them do it under supervision, - “I’ll check for you so that you don’t forget anything, otherwise you can break it...” - and then explain that - “When the program is running, you can no longer break it by pressing buttons, like and you can’t press it just like that, because it might break and flood your neighbors and us...” Be sure to accompany all actions with detailed explanations. Trust to load the dishes in a certain order, put one piece of dishes next to another of the same kind, set the program, etc.

Cooking. It’s a creative process, but you need to stick to the recipe, study new ingredients, their smells and tastes, and keep count. Trust your child to add to a recipe, explore and learn about ingredients, mix, arrange, decorate, keep track of time - anything he can help with in cooking that will broaden his horizons and be appropriate for his age.

Important rules for stimulating a child's cognitive development!

Remember that classes for children 4 years old should not be done alone, the child should not sit and complete the tasks given by you alone, he constantly needs to be directed and involved, praised, shown interest in his decisions, igniting his enthusiasm - this is the only way he will show interest in classes.

Do not prohibit anything that does not pose a danger to the child - you risk raising him to be passive. But be sure to explain why he can’t, what danger it is, what consequences his actions may have, and if possible, show why this shouldn’t be done. If it’s too early for him to use an item because he might damage it or get hurt, explain this to him in more detail. Otherwise, the child must explore this world, and you must guide him in this, help and make sure that everything goes safely. The world can also react to the child’s actions; your task is to either explain the options to the child, but it is better for the child to learn this from his own experience.

we already wrote in our previous article. This article may be useful to you.

When working with your child on his development, it is important to remember a few basic rules:

The first and very important thing is to communicate with your child as much as possible, ask him leading questions. Answer his constant questions as fully as possible, with patience and enthusiasm, to maintain his interest in cognitive development.

And second, no less important - try new things!

Here are games, tasks and exercises aimed at developing fine motor skills, memory, attention, and logical thinking. For children and parents, teachers and speech therapists.

Assignments for children in the middle group of kindergarten on the topic “The space around us”

Exercise 1

Color the object that is in the upper right corner of the sheet blue, in the lower right corner green, in the lower left corner red, in the upper left corner yellow, in the middle of the sheet orange.

Task 2

Color the birds that fly above the cloud blue, and those below the cloud green. Which birds fly to the right and which birds fly to the left?

Task 3

Show a picture of a banana under an apple and above a cherry; where the cherry is above the apple and below the banana; apple under banana and over cherry. Tell me how the fruits are located in the other pictures. Color identical fruits with the same color.

Task 4

Tell me where the cockerel sits, where the cat sits, where the chicken sits, where the house is, where the tree stands. Color the picture.

Task 5

Color the toy to the left of the ball red, to the right of the ball yellow, above blue, and below brown. Color the rest of the toys in any colors.

Task 6

Color the pictures: in the upper right corner - green, in the upper left - red, in the lower right - yellow, in the lower left - blue, in the middle - orange. Color the rest of the pictures as you wish.

Task 7

Which room layout matches the picture? Tell me where everything is.

Color the appropriate diagram.

Task 8

Who is tallest on the carousel? Color his basket blue. Who is the lowest? Color his basket green. Who is between the squirrel and the hedgehog? Color his basket red. Tell me where the rest of the animals are.

Task 9

Place the objects in their places using the arrows: the pan is on the table, the glass is in front of the pan, the spoon is to the right of the pan, the pear is behind the pan, the stool is under the table, the banana is to the left of the pan, the ball is on the stool.

Task 10

Draw a flower in the upper left square, a fungus in the lower right square, an apple in the upper right square, a leaf in the lower left square, a house in the middle row left square, a pear in the middle row right square, an umbrella in the upper middle square, and an umbrella in the lower middle square. in the middle square there is a sun, in the middle square there is a Christmas tree.

Task 11

On this napkin, draw a yellow flower on the left side, a blue one on the right, and a red one in the middle.

Task 12

Where is the sun located?

Which direction is the car going?

Which side is the door on the house?

Which direction is the dog running?

Where is the house located in the picture: to the right or to the left of the Christmas tree?

Task 13

Tell me who lives where. For example, a frog lives between a hedgehog and a piglet, the hedgehog lives to the left of the frog, above the mouse...

Color these animals.

Task 14

Draw a ball to the left of the hare, a flag to the right of the bear, and a cube between the bear and the bunny. Color the picture

Task 15

Draw a Christmas tree to the right of the car, a birch tree to the left of the house, and a bush between the car and the house. Color the picture

Task 16

Color only the right sleeves and right shoes in these drawings. Color the pocket on the left side.

Mathematics for a child who is 4 years old is a very broad topic that is difficult to fit into one article. Nevertheless, I took it on. If you liked what I wrote and found it useful, I will be grateful for any comments and for all reposts :)

While in addition to home, my daughter also studies English at the center, then mathematics is a completely home (and street) subject for us. When teaching a child, it doesn't matter what grade you got in math. However, it is also true that even if you had a solid “A” in this discipline at school, there are points that need to be taken into account in classes with kids. I gleaned the following thoughts from Zhenya Katz’s book “Leaping Mathematics” (links to the book: on Ozone, in the Labyrinth)

Basic rules to consider when teaching math to young children

Graduality and success

Any knowledge accumulates gradually. This is the first thing to remember. You cannot demand (or even hope) that after the first acquaintance the child will remember all the numbers and relate them to quantitative representation.

The complexity of classes should also increase gradually and not in all respects at once.

Example: a child knows counting, but cannot yet write numbers himself. Then ask him to circle the number in the row. After some time, you can ask to write a number, but write a “hint” next to it - an example of writing all the numbers. And only next time the child will be able to depict some semblance of a number himself (sometimes mirrored, but that doesn’t matter).

If the child copes with the task, be sure to praise

Children are different: some like to puzzle over complex problems for a long time, while others lose faith in themselves after the first failures. There are many more children from the second category, so it is important to give tasks in class that they can handle on their own, without prompting. The first 2-3 tasks should be feasible, and then you can introduce a more difficult problem. Help your child believe in himself: don’t rush, don’t call for concentration, let everything take its course.

About counting on fingers

Do not force your child to remove his hands when counting. Let him rely on this useful calculating material given by nature. It is much better to count correctly on your fingers than with an error “in your head.” Even if the baby understands the idea of ​​addition, he needs his fingers for confidence! Many children need support on objects for quite a long time. When children learn to count freely, they will remove their fingers and be able to solve the problem in their minds.

Counting on objects in parallel with oral counting

First of all, of course, we introduce the child to the numbers of the first ten. But this does not mean that you should limit yourself to this. From time to time you can “cast your bait” into the second ten, and count by tens up to a hundred, and even get acquainted with negative numbers (using the example of a street thermometer).

If a child has well-developed mental counting up to 100, then this is not a reason to move on to larger numbers and work with him only on examples and problems written in numbers. At such an early age, this skill may be more of a linguistic skill. Continue to “feel” and count objects and points, prepare a solid foundation for an easy transition.

More about teaching children (applies not only to mathematics):

• Children do not learn smoothly, but in leaps and bounds.
• Children should feel their own success.
• Our task is not to train, but to captivate and interest.

Features of age

Mathematics is not only arithmetic. This is also geometry and logic.

The methodological manuals describe the amount of knowledge easily achieved by a four-year student:

• ability to count to 5, answer the question “How many?”;
• compare groups of objects using counting; know the concepts of “many”, “few”, “equally”;
• compare objects of different lengths, widths, heights, understand the relationships between them;
• recognize and name circle, square, triangle, rectangle;
• determine the direction of movement from yourself (right, left, forward, up, down);
• know your right and left hands.

In my favorite book, “Leaping Mathematics,” which I referred to and which is a reference book for me, more skills are listed. And they are divided into 2 categories: group interaction and study skills. I will not rewrite them here; if you need them, read them in the source.

Our “mathematical” luggage by the age of 4

Free count to twenty. Then my daughter counted according to the learned principle, but got confused in the tens. She could say “twenty-ten” (this quickly passed after 4 years, when one day I suggested she count in tens - she quickly remembered tens up to 100).

The numbers were mastered visually, but she did not write them herself (she started writing them at about 4 years 2 months - she “grew up”, she herself showed interest).

In addition to flat figures, my daughter knew several three-dimensional ones (cube, octahedron, pyramid and some others). I didn’t plan to give this knowledge, but she became interested in the game Monument Valley on the tablet, and her natural interest arose from the plot of this game (at the end of each level the heroine girl takes out a figure from a cap). To answer the questions, I had to refresh the information about them.

At the age of 4, Dasha really loved puzzles - simple problems involving addition and subtraction within five. These problems appeared spontaneously (like most activities), but she liked them so much that she asked for more and more. On the very first day, she understood the principle and composed her first problem for me (I think it’s very good when a child can not only solve, but also compose problems).

Math games for 4 year olds

Some were taken from a book, others were invented spontaneously. We also usually play not according to a schedule, but when it’s “appropriate” or when we want to.

To add a gaming effect to our activities, sometimes we take out a homemade “roulette” from a box of processed cheese. On the drum there are things you can do: walking, modeling, drawing, mathematics, sewing, reading, appliqué.

Finger games

Fingers are an excellent counting material that should not be neglected.

We represent the number in different ways on two hands. 6 can be represented as 3 + 3, 1 + 5, 2 + 4.

How many fingers are hidden? Bend a few fingers and the child must say how many are missing. If several children take part in the game, then who is faster.

"High five". Modification of the previous game. My daughter is sitting on the carousel, spinning it. The game was born by accident. When she “drove” by, I told her “High five” and offered to hit her on the palm. The child liked the fun. After a couple of circles, I began to offer new tasks each time. “Yes four”, “Give me seven” and so on. Different ways.

Games with other counting materials

These can be counting sticks of different colors, popsicle sticks, pencils, buttons, caps, beads - anything.

Counting sticks can be laid out according to the drawn pattern. You can compare piles of buttons (and practice using the greater/less sign).

A digression about the greater-than-less sign.“Leaping Mathematics” describes well how very easy it is to teach a child to use this sign. Let this sign be a crocodile with an open mouth. And in front of him are 2 piles of food (2 compared values). So, the crocodile will turn and open its mouth to where there is more food. Isn’t it a wonderful and very visual association?

Outdoor games

"Woof, woof, meow." You can play with one child, or with a group. How many times does the driver say “woof”, so many jumps must be made forward; How many “meows”, so many jumps need to be done back. At first we mastered up to 3 jumps at a time (4 were introduced a little later), played with other kids in the yard. It turned out that some children, even those who can count, are not immediately able to jump exactly as many times as necessary. When you get bored of just jumping back and forth, you can introduce a third rule. For example, the number of times you say “kar”, the number of times you wave your arms while standing still.

"One two three four". The driver sings a song, and then says a number from 1 to 4. At this command, all children must freeze so that as many “points” as specified are in contact with the ground. For example, 1 - stand on one leg, 2 - on two legs or on one leg and one arm, 3 - on two legs and an arm or sit on the butt plus 2 legs. And so on. Whoever hesitates or stands up incorrectly is the one who drives.

We also use it for the street complicated finds. I described the usual finds. As the child grows and gets smarter, you can make the game a little more complicated: for example, find the third red car or the fourteenth ant.

We study on paper

I buy all the math (and other) workbooks at the store. They are inexpensive and come in handy when you run out of printed material. But almost half of the tasks are simply hand-drawn “situations”. I accompany the drawing with a short story to make it more interesting for my daughter. The result is pleasing: she herself asks for more and more “problems.”

We circle certain numbers. This simple task came surprisingly on time. The first time I gave it to her on the train, my daughter quickly made all the preparations and asked for more. Then I simply wrote the numbers by hand on a piece of notebook paper and drew a template for the assignment on top. For example, circle all threes with green rectangles, sevens with red circles, nines with black squares (at the same time training the skill of drawing geometric shapes).

A certain number means a certain color. He enjoys coloring, despite the fact that he doesn’t really like regular coloring books. Of course, it is also important to know when to stop here. Take long enough breaks between tasks of the same type so that the child has time to get bored.

More examples of tasks on logic, combinatorics and geometry

All games with construction toys, whether simple blocks or Lego, help train spatial thinking and think in terms of shapes. I also wrote about games with Lego.

Bouquets of flowers. Here the child not only thinks, but also trains fine motor skills. Draw the bouquet blanks (each bouquet has 3 flower stems). Prepare buttons of different colors. And then give your child tasks to make bouquets. Each task perfectly develops logic. For example, make bouquets to:

• one flower in each bouquet was yellow;
• the flowers in the bouquets were of different colors, the colors were not repeated;
• 2 flowers were the same color, etc..

You never know what a lesson might lead to. The child may then want to play with the provided material. For example, my daughter then started drawing something and laying it out with buttons.

You can come up with similar math tasks yourself. As a rule, it takes 5 minutes to create and prepare, and you will be sure that these 5 minutes were not in vain. Let your child practice motor skills, cutting, gluing, and so on while completing tasks.

For example, there are flowers with leaves on which it is written in yellow - how many yellow petals need to be glued, and in red - how many red ones. After the petals are glued, the core is glued with the correct answer: how many petals does the flower have?

It doesn’t matter if during the process the child decides to move away from the classic arrangement of flower petals :) For example, here is our result:

Divide the number series into groups of numbers by sum. I stole the ideas for this and the next assignment from Angel Navarro’s educational notebook “Numbers”. I slightly adapted the task to suit our age (in the notebook you need to divide by the sum of nine, but I did six). We will certainly grow into tasks from a notebook over time.

The task is as follows: divide the numbers on the snake with lines so that their sum in each group is 6.

Draw items up to a certain number.

The number of fruits in each cell must be equal to the number written next to it. Draw the missing fruits.

This task is more difficult. But if the child understands the principle, he will be happy to perform similar tasks. Speaking in our language, we get acquainted with the Cartesian logic of combining two sets. The exercise teaches you to navigate in space, and also trains attentiveness and perseverance. One of these days I will write a separate article about filling out tables.

Tangram. At 4 years old, you can already offer to play with tangram blocks. If you don’t have a designer, you can install the application on your tablet (that’s exactly what we did).

Print jobs

In addition to purchased teaching aids, from time to time I slip in assignments downloaded from the Internet and printed on a printer. Our printer is black and white, but it is quite enough. Printable tasks can be found for every taste and color. These include labyrinths, logical chains, graphic dictations, connecting dots by numbers, and so on, so on, so on.

In the meantime, for the first lessons you can print out pages from the pages relating to mathematics (from 2nd to 10th).

Literature

Leaping math. A program of playful mathematics lessons for children aged 4-6 years. Zhenya Katz(link in Ozon.ru, in the Labyrinth). I really like the structure: first, general data about a child’s learning to mathematics, then sections by age (with a description of developmental features at each age). There are sample plans for group lessons.

Well, the long-known and popular Kumon notebooks. Both Gakken and Kumon are expensive, of course, but can be useful.

Four-year-old children seem to be adults, but they are still very small. At this age, the development of the child’s personality and character continues, which must be gently corrected by the parents. What skills has a child already mastered by his 4th birthday and what activities are suitable for the development of children 4-5 years old?

Features of age

• The baby is still active and energetic, but has already become more diligent and is able to do one thing for about 20 minutes. Fine motor skills are constantly improving. Most four-year-olds especially enjoy drawing.
• After 4 and a half years, the child changes in appearance, as he begins to actively develop muscle and bone tissue.
• For a child over 4 years old, the social component of development is very important. The kid makes friends among other children, trying to find a “common language” with them. The child notices well the feelings of other people and knows how to empathize. The baby learned to formulate his own thoughts in words. Many 4-year-olds have imaginary friends.
• A 4-year-old child continues to master his native speech. Many children of this age are characterized by a slight lisp. The vocabulary of a four-year-old child grows very rapidly (up to 2500-3000 words by the age of 5). The toddler's speech is enriched with expression and intonation. The baby voices his own actions and everything he sees, and also constantly asks a large number of questions. In approximately 5% of children, speech development at the initial stages is accompanied by stuttering.
• The intellectual capabilities of a 4-4.5 year old child increase significantly. The baby is ready to learn letters and numbers.

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Types of child development

Physical

A child at the age of four should move sufficiently, increase his agility, coordination and endurance. This is the goal of the baby’s physical development, which includes gymnastics, dancing, physical exercise with mom, swimming, cycling, outdoor games and many other activity options.

It is important to do gymnastics, including dynamic exercises, at least 2 times a week. It is performed during the day, long before bedtime, in a ventilated room and preferably in a group of children. The optimal duration of such gymnastics is 20-25 minutes.

Mental

The psyche of a four-year-old child develops very actively and the child’s range of emotions expands. In addition, children aged 4-5 years are very susceptible to the reaction of an adult. If parents or caregivers treat the child with approval and respect, this helps in developing a positive self-image for the child.

Classes for the mental development of children 4-4.5 years old include exercises that affect the baby’s attention, as well as memory and thinking. The child is offered:

• Summarize objects based on some characteristic.
• Collect a picture consisting of 3-4 parts.
• Identify similarities and differences in drawings and toys.
• Choose identical items from a group.
• Repeat a certain sequence of movements shown by an adult.
• Assemble buildings from the construction kit, focusing on the sample.
• Identify the odd one out in a group of items, and then explain your choice.
• Find antonyms for words.
• Remember the plot of the drawing.
• Retell a fairy tale.
• Recite nursery rhymes and poems by heart.
• Describe a significant event that happened recently.

To train your memory, do the exercises with your baby shown in the following video from SovaFilmProduction.

Emotional

The development of emotions in a 4-year-old child is an important part of the full development of the baby. A child of this age begins to understand relationships between people, may notice that the person next to him has changed his mood, and is able to express his own emotions.

A four-year-old knows how to sympathize and show attention. The child feels how he is treated.

Sensory and musical

The sensory development of a child affects the baby’s sensory organs responsible for hearing, smell, and touch. The child is asked to determine the characteristics of objects by touch. This is how the baby learns that objects are hard or soft, rough or smooth, warm or cold. Activities for sensory development also include games related to smells and tastes.

By the age of four, a child is already familiar with some musical instruments, small works, and music with different rhythms. The child already has his favorite melodies, and when he hears them, the baby will sing along.

Speech

Speech development is extremely important for every 4-year-old child. First of all, it is influenced by the baby’s communication with adults, as well as with other children. This increases the toddler's vocabulary, teaches him to construct sentences and express his opinions in words. At the age of 4, many children do not yet pronounce hissing sounds and “r”, so lessons on pronunciation of these sounds are often conducted with four-year-olds in the form of games.

To stimulate the speech development of children 4-4.5 years old, you can:

• Learn rhymes and songs with them.
• Look at pictures with plots and discuss them.
• Consider the fairy tale in pictures and reproduce its plot.
• Read stories with your mother and discuss them.
• Listen to fairy tales in audio recordings.
• Solve riddles.
• Before going to bed, discuss how your day went.
• Do articulatory gymnastics.
• Learn letters and sounds.
• Determine the first letter in a word, divide words into syllables.

Sing the following nursery rhyme song from the Lyulyabi TV channel with your child.

If a child at 4 years old has a small vocabulary or formulates sentences with complexity, it is necessary to evaluate the dynamics of his speech development. For more details, see the video by E. Komarovsky.

Fine motor skills

Motor development is considered a very important point in the development plan of young children. Fine motor activities stimulate speech development by targeting the area of ​​the brain responsible for speech. Such activities include games with sand, cubes, construction sets, beads, cereals, and beans. Do finger exercises with your baby, tie knots on the cord, fasten and unfasten zippers, buttons, buttons, hooks. At the age of 4, in addition to modeling and drawing, add crafts for which you need to cut something with scissors and glue it.

To develop a child's fine motor skills, you can use regular cereal. How to conduct such a lesson, see the video of the TSV channel “Mom’s School”.

Cognitive

A four-year-old child is actively exploring the world, and the development of his cognitive sphere should be aimed at improving memory, thinking, logic, and attention.

Typically, activities for the cognitive development of a 4-year-old child have a specific theme, for example, “pets,” “spring,” “water,” “ground transportation,” “professions,” “night,” and others. On this topic, games are organized with the child, during which the baby will identify colors, shadows, shapes, differences and similar elements, parts of the whole, generalizing properties, excess, opposites, missing elements and much more.

To develop attention

It is important for a 4-5 year old child to learn to focus on a specific task, as well as notice small details. He will need these skills in the future to be successful in school.

To develop the attention of a 4-year-old baby, you can offer your child:

• Repeat the actions after your mother, for example, sit down - stand up - close your eyes - touch your ear - open your eyes - move your hand to the side.
• Play “edible-inedible”, “flying-non-flying” with a ball.
• Cross out a specific letter in the printed text. To make this task more difficult, you can cross out one letter and underline the second.
• The mother touches the parts of the face and names them, the child must repeat her actions. Then mom starts making “mistakes.”

Mathematical

For a 4 year old, learning math should be exciting and fun. It is convenient to teach your baby mathematics while walking, for example, counting steps, passing cars, houses, birds. To explain simple examples, you can use your fingers or special counting sticks.

Creative

Activities aimed at developing a child’s creative abilities are enjoyed by most children. These include drawing, creating various crafts and applications, modeling from salt dough or plasticine, as well as role-playing games.

Diagnostics of development

Parents should be alert if, at 4 years old, their child:

• Cannot walk down stairs in alternating steps.
• Doesn't say his first and last name, or his gender.
• Cannot summarize several subjects in one word.
• Unable to learn a short verse.
• Doesn't remember the plot of a story.
• Can't count to 5.
• Doesn't know simple geometric shapes.
• Doesn't know primary colors.
• Cannot build a bridge using cubes according to the model.
• Cannot assemble a pyramid of 5 parts.
• Shows cruelty to an animal, toy, or other child.
• Lethargic and apathetic during the day, or, on the contrary, often agitated.

Games for speech development

1. Game "what happens". Ask your child what objects can be long, sharp, round, hard, fragrant, blue, liquid, and so on.
2. A "what happens if" game. We discuss given situations with the child, for example, “what will happen if a ball falls into the water,” “what will happen if I fall in the snow.”
3. Game "what can be done." We ask the child what can be done with an apple, a ball, water, cookies, sand, and so on. Another option for such a game would be to discuss “what you can do with” - drink, eat, sew, pour, buy.
4. Game "what's where". We ask the little one what is in the hallway, in the nursery, in the kitchen. Then we ask you to say in which room there is a frying pan, a wardrobe, a TV, and so on.
5. Guess who game. We describe the animal in a few words and ask the little one to guess. For example, “guess who is fluffy, red and cunning.”
6. We stimulate the pronunciation of hissing words. We hiss like a snake, chase away the sparrow “shoo-shoo”, pronounce pure sayings with “sh”, buzz like a fly, repeat pure sayings with “w”, alternately buzzing and hissing. In order for the child to distinguish “s” from “sh”, we pronounce them in turn. To distinguish “w” from “z”, imagine yourself as a fly, and then as a mosquito. To pronounce the sound “h” we invite the child to imagine himself as a train.
7. We perform gymnastics for the tongue and lips. We smile with a silent pronunciation of “i” (like a frog), stretch our lips forward with a silent “u” (like an elephant), open and close our mouth without sounds (like a fish), open our mouth, move our tongue up and down (like a swing) and side to each corner of the mouth (like a clock), keep a relaxed tongue on the lower lip (like a shovel), stretch the tongue forward (like a needle).

To make the sound “R”, do the “Snake” exercise, shown by speech therapist Yulia Orlova.

Articulation gymnastics will help the child speak more clearly. Complete the tasks from the following videos with your little one, shown by speech therapist Tatyana Lazareva.

Sample exercise program for a week

Activities for the development of a 4-year-old child should be planned in advance, and best of all - for a week. This way you won’t miss out on important developments for your baby, won’t overload your baby, and will be able to prepare all the materials in advance. When drawing up a weekly plan for developmental activities at the age of 4-4.5 years, they first take into account whether the child attends kindergarten. If the baby is in the garden all day, then you need to understand the following points:

• A child in kindergarten already has daily developmental activities and regular physical activity.
• You can only work with your baby at home in the evenings and on weekends.
• You should not plan vigorous activities in the evening.
• After returning from kindergarten there is not much time left for classes, so, as a rule, only 1-2 classes are planned.
• It is worth finding out what program the child is taught in the kindergarten, so as not to duplicate classes, but to supplement them.

For a child who does not yet attend a childcare center, the lesson plan will be more extensive. When compiling it, the child’s interests, existing skills, and attendance at a development school or sports section are taken into account.

We offer the following approximate weekly program of developmental activities for a 4-year-old child:

How to raise a child from 3 to 6 years old, watch the video of the Education channel. TV.

• At the age of 4, a child can be enrolled in some sports sections. Attending sports classes will not only provide an opportunity to expend energy, but will also help you learn new skills and understand what discipline is.
• Praise your child often and give him enough attention. The baby has become more mature, but still needs his parents.
• From the age of 4, a child can be taken to the cinema, circus and similar places. To make your acquaintance with this type of pastime successful, do not immediately take tickets to the first row.
• Hearing hundreds of children's questions every day, it is important to remain a patient and wise parent. Don’t refuse to answer your little one, even if you don’t know what to say. Find the answer together and satisfy children's curiosity.
• You can start teaching foreign languages ​​to a 4-5 year old child. Classes, of course, should be in the form of a game.

Care and regimen

For the normal development of a four-year-old child, it is important to maintain his health, so parents should pay attention to the toddler’s daily routine and caring for the baby:

• The child should be provided with adequate rest. 4-year-old children sleep on average 11-12 hours per day. Many four-year-olds protest against daytime sleep, but doctors emphasize that children of this age still need rest during the day.
• Every morning, a 4-year-old child’s routine includes the usual hygiene procedures. The baby washes himself, brushes his teeth, goes to the toilet, and combs his hair. Four-year-olds still often have to be reminded to wash their hands after walking and before eating.
• The child should have daily walks that allow the four-year-old to get enough exercise. In addition, you can go for walks with friends, inventing active and exciting games.
• If parents are engaged in hardening the child from an early age, but such procedures are continued and carried out systematically.
• 4-year-old children are walked twice a day, choosing clothes according to the weather.
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Developmental tasks on logic for children in the middle group of kindergarten. The assignments will help teachers prepare children for school.

Exercise 1

Place (connect the arrows) the fruits in the basket and the vegetables on the plate.

Task 2

Color the toys red, clothes yellow, dishes blue.

Task 3

Where is whose tail, where is whose nose?

Task 4

Place (using the arrows) the cockerel not on a log or on a bench, the chicken - not on a fence or on a log, the cat - not on a bench or on a fence.

Task 5

What figure is missing in each row?

Task 6

Choose a pair for each item.

Connect matching objects with lines

Task 7

In each line, instead of dots, draw the missing figures, maintaining the order of their alternation

Task 8

Draw the objects in each row so that they become the same.

Task 9

Perform certain actions

Task 10

How many animals are in the house on the left? How many of them live in the house on the right? How many animals are there, and who is hiding in the two lower houses?

Task 11

Color the picture that doesn't have a ball green; in blue - the one where there is no pyramid; red - where there is no cube; yellow - where all the items are.

Task 12

Help the girls find their toys: connect with lines and color the girls' clothes and toys in the same color.

Task 13

In each group there is an item that does not fit with the others for some reason. Name these signs.

Task 14

From the objects in the bottom row, choose the one that needs to be drawn in the empty “window”

Task 15

Which of the four pictures depicts the characters correctly?

Task 16

The dog and cat have blue and green rugs. The cat's rug is not green, and the dog's is not blue. Color the rugs correctly

Task 17

There are blue and pink vases on the table. Tulips are not in a pink vase, and daffodils are not in a blue one. Color the vases correctly

Task 18

Lena has two scarves: red and yellow. The long scarf is not yellow, and the short one is not red. Color the scarves correctly.