Classes for 4-5 years old. Development of thinking in four- to five-year-old children

For a child aged 4-5 years, speech becomes the main development factor, and this process is of paramount importance for the formation of the child’s social connections in society. The task of teachers and parents is to help preschoolers avoid possible problems in this area. Every year, the number of children with speech development disorders increases, so a system of special speech therapy exercises is necessary for everyone who is already four years old. What do you need to know about speech development during this important period?

Speech characteristics of children 4-5 years old

For preschoolers, this time is a period of active vocabulary growth (by the age of 5, its volume normally reaches 3 thousand words). Children of this age begin to acquire a sense of language, handle their native speech more confidently, and engage in word creation. The grammatical structure continues to level out too.

A child of four or five years old not only begins to speak more and more freely, he also uses more and more complex sentences than before. The ability to compose a short story not only about what the child saw personally, but also without relying on his own direct experience, gradually develops. Such stories are still emotional and often have a broken logical structure, but they are quite voluminous and meaningful.

The level of phonetic perception of speech by this age also becomes significantly better. The child has the opportunity to determine the presence of a particular sound in a word and select words for a specific sound. He becomes able to perceive the syllabic rhythm of the structure of a word.

We can say that at the age of four, children begin the most active period in speech development, which allows them to acquire communicative capabilities comparable to the level of adults. Of course, it is rare that a child goes through this path without difficulties; speech disorders at this stage are most common.

Types of speech disorders in older preschoolers

There are three main types of disorders and speech underdevelopment:

phonetic;
phonetic-phonemic;

In practice, this means that children have difficulty recognizing, distinguishing and pronouncing the sounds of their native language. These three types of disorders can occur separately or in combination.

Normally, by this stage of development, natural age-related difficulties with the pronunciation of individual sounds or their groups should already be a thing of the past. The stage of mastering sound pronunciation is completed, children stop skipping and softening consonants in speech. At 4 years old all hissing ones should appear, and by 5 years you can expect confident and. But in older preschoolers, articulation disorders are very common. These may be defects in the pronunciation of hissing, whistling, sonorant sounds. Almost all children have to perform speech therapy exercises on the letter and sound r; many manage to “growl” only after special training.

It is also worth paying attention to lexical and grammatical problems, which manifest themselves in the difficulties of actively using speech as a means of communication. Children with such disorders experience difficulty in composing questions and descriptions, and cannot use all the means of their native language to express thoughts. They do not know how to construct sentences correctly, use endings and prepositions incorrectly, and make mistakes when forming words. Speech therapy help in this case is necessary, but parents can also help the child speak better (of course, after consultation with a specialist).

How to conduct classes at home correctly

Moms and dads can help children learn new words, master the correct grammatical structure of speech, and improve their sound culture. There are several important rules that must be followed during home speech therapy sessions.

Lessons should be held regularly, preferably every day, and certainly in a friendly, calm environment.
It is worth presenting the next exercise in the form of a game, try to captivate the child with a developmental task. You can turn mandatory training into a contest or competition to see who can complete the task better, faster, and more carefully.
Support your child, praise him not only for a good result, but also for his efforts. Avoid criticism and harsh remarks.
must be carried out with a stable table mirror, so the child can see the result of his efforts. It is useful to use pictures of all the tongue exercises.
Special aids for independent study with a child are necessary and obligatory assistance for parents. For example, a large speech therapy textbook with tasks and exercises for the little ones is a complete collection of necessary exercises, supplemented by detailed guidelines for implementation and illustrations.
Use rhymes, tongue twisters, speech therapy songs for children for classes - such material helps to achieve results faster, develops not only the speech of preschoolers, but also their attention and memory.
Try to speak clearly and correctly, using all the richness of the expressive means of language. Show your son or daughter an example of an attentive and caring attitude towards him. Talk on different topics, read poems by heart, play speech games.

At home, you can organize both individual and group speech therapy sessions for children 4-5 years old, both options give excellent results.

Exercises

This set of speech therapy exercises for children 4-5 years old includes not only speech games, but also special gymnastics for the hands and speech organs. Fine motor skills help stimulate the speech center in the brain, so regular finger exercises are necessary for every preschooler. Articulatory gymnastics improves the main organ of speech - the tongue and the child’s ability to control it. This has a positive effect on the ability to pronounce all, even the most complex, sounds.

Finger gymnastics

Each series of exercises is repeated 8-10 times

The lights came on

Rhythmically open and close the fingers on each palm, together and alternately.

Delicious pancakes

We place our hands on the table, alternating between the palm and the back. The right one touches the surface of the tabletop with the palm, the left one with the back. Then the position of the hands changes.

We depict waves with our hands, smoothly moving our palms from top to bottom - this is a river. Then a boat appears on the water - palms pressed together, a steamboat - thumbs raised and connected. And then the fish swam - palms together, thumbs pressed, hands moving from side to side.

How trees grow

We raise our palms, open our fingers strongly - branches have grown. We lower our palms down and also spread our fingers to the sides - these are the roots. They shook their palms and the leaves flew.

Articulation gymnastics

Each exercise is performed 6-8 times.

Funny wahs

We smile broadly, our teeth are closed and stand in an even “fence.” Maintain a smile for 10 seconds.

Playful baby elephant

We stretch our lips forward and pretend that we are drawing water with our “proboscis”.

Sly Python

We smile, stick our tongue out of our mouth, pull it out, and hide it back.

Fast horse

We open our mouth wide, smile, click our tongue. Please note that the lower teeth do not move, only the tongue “jumps”!

Scallop

Smile, show your teeth. Stick out the tongue, hold it between your teeth and “pull” it back.

Many parents take great responsibility for the development of their child in early childhood, in addition, most of them work, so sooner or later the question arises of what to do with a 4-year-old child at home. After all, he is already an intelligent person who has a meaningful attitude towards surrounding objects and phenomena, and the task of adults is to build the right relationship with him and a routine that would help children not only spend time carefree, but also learn something.

So, what should you rely on when choosing activities for your son or daughter so that they are not only entertaining, but also educational and educational? To do this, you need to know the characteristics of four-year-olds. In this matter, it is better to be guided by the following criteria:

Physical development The baby's development makes him extremely mobile - every day he becomes more and more aware of the capabilities of his body and tries to test himself in various active actions. He jumps and runs well, controls the ball, can do pull-ups, is increasingly oriented in space, and can overcome a variety of obstacles. Therefore, it is advisable that he have various equipment at home, or even better, a sports wall or a whole complex that allows him to do physical exercises every day. Of course, all the baby’s actions should be under the control of the parents, since the baby is excited and may very well get injured if he is not monitored.
At four years old, children are constantly expanding their knowledge of the surrounding world, they crave new experiences, ask a huge number of questions, so any information is absorbed very quickly. Parents can start doing something new with them, for example, learning the basics, geometry, or something that is especially interesting to the baby. This can also become a reason for a more in-depth study of the native language, geography, and history. And here all kinds of children's books, special encyclopedias, an interactive globe, various talking cards and much more are indispensable. It is difficult to call such activities a game, and yet these lessons, in any case, will be held in a playful form, since only in this way can the child perceive many things.
Interests babies at this age are versatile - children love a variety of types of creativity and enjoy drawing (see how to draw various animals with step-by-step photos), modeling, creating crafts (,) decorating pictures, creating applications (we have many applications on our website with step-by-step instructions). photos that you can take with your children: , ), handicrafts. Their imagination is not limited by anything, so any lessons and games allow them to simultaneously improve fine motor skills, logic, thinking, and develop imagination. Board games, construction sets and mosaics can captivate a child for a long time, bringing a lot of benefits for the formation of mental abilities and positive character traits, such as perseverance, perseverance and even perseverance in achieving one’s goal.
The little man grows up and in emotionally, and this is very important. Children already know how to distinguish the mood of the people around them, learn to empathize, show participation, and even build their first relationships with peers. That’s why they need story-based games in which they try themselves in a variety of roles. Mom and dad need to remember this and make sure that the child has various props for their scenarios in the form of sets containing attributes for playing Cook, Doctor or Salesman.
Because the everyday skills are also improving, and the child, without being reminded, takes care of his hygiene, uses cutlery, knows how to dress and undress, there are a lot of useful adult tasks that the child will perform with pleasure and at the same time acquire new skills, which are certainly relevant in his future life.
Although four-year-old children can play independently for long periods of time, they are increasingly drawn to communication with their peers, and in this sense it is good if sometimes the neighboring girls and boys come to visit their daughter or son. Role-playing or team board games will teach children responsibility, communication skills, and the ability to find a compromise with different people.

In short, a four-year-old child can be offered a variety of activities, including toys, games and real lessons taught in the spirit of games. You can instill in children a love of music, fine arts, and handicrafts, if, of course, you try and take into account their hobbies.

Activities for a 4 year old child: video

Basic rules of the game

There are several important rules when organizing leisure and educational activities with a child, by following which parents can get good results by raising well-rounded, creative and intelligent children, who are also in excellent physical shape:

It should be remembered that it is better to conduct all educational lessons with the child in the first half of the day, when he is full of strength, energy and has a positive attitude;
the emotional state of children is very important, since in a good mood they have better contact with adults and their peers, grasp the nuances of the game much faster, and are more open to accepting new information;
any training should be carried out in the form of gameplay and carry a useful charge;
It is better to plan games and activities in advance; it is also advisable to create the right atmosphere, and for this you will have to prepare various aids, materials or attributes.

Adults should think through all these things in advance. Psychologists advise fathers and mothers to draw up far-reaching programs for the week, or even a month in advance - the child’s achievements will depend on this.

If a place for outdoor games is being prepared at home, care must be taken to remove all fragile and breakable objects; it is better to cover the sharp corners of the furniture with soft material to avoid injury. This is especially true if friends come to visit your son or daughter.

Knowing what to do with a 4-year-old child at home, of course, we must not forget that you need to alternate mental activity with active pastime - this way, excessive tension is relieved and the kids get less tired.

What to do with a 4 year old child at home for development

How to entertain a four-year-old child should not be difficult for parents, since there are indeed many options.

Educational games and activities:

Lexicon, mainly expands in children during free thematic games using sets, in which children imitate adults, trying on various roles. During this process, they even repeat the characteristic intonations with which certain people speak. Board games, such as lotto, are also good in this regard. Especially, kids like zoological topics, while they learn a lot of new words, names of animals, individual parts of their body, and their habitats.
Literature also plays a huge role in the development of speech - prose and poetry. It’s good if it is, they help to form the correct associations of an object with its image, besides, such puzzles have many descriptions of different objects that children pronounce and quickly remember. Reading, learning passages and poems while looking at pictures is a necessary and exciting stage in a child’s development (we wrote earlier about how to deal with a child, we recommend reading the articles).
Development of motor skills and sensory skills integrally associated with drawing and modeling. Here you can offer children any suitable materials - paints (see how to make finger paints), clay, plasticine or dough. It’s great if both activities are combined. Having created a figurine from polymer clay, you can then paint it together with your child, while at the same time he will learn the correct combination of colors. At the same time, the baby will increase sensory sensitivity, develop finger dexterity and coordination of movements.
Imagination and logic- an important aspect in the formation of a small personality, and puzzles, collages, and construction sets are suitable for this. These games are extremely captivating for children, developing their perseverance, attention, and logical thinking. Also, such a pastime forces children to analyze various signs of objects, which has a beneficial effect on their thinking abilities.
If the task is to teach a preschooler arithmetic counting, bright colorful cards with images of different numbers of objects will help with this, which allows kids to get acquainted with numbers, as well as with mathematical operations - addition and subtraction. Such interesting games as “Mathematical Dominoes” or “Mathematical Erudite” are suitable both for a children’s party and for relaxing with parents. At the same time, the child learns the skill of quick addition and other arithmetic operations. By the way, the letters and alphabet of four years old can also be taught using similar games, cards or special cubes.
You can start with a four year old child learn letters(look at how to quickly, easily and playfully learn all the letters with your baby). If the baby already knows all the letters, then you can move on to learning to read (we wrote more about learning to read).
Of course, you can also use special programs, educational cartoons, but for this, the semantic load of such training must correspond to the age of the child. In addition, a child should not sit in front of a tablet for a long time, as this will affect his attention and may also interfere with normal sleep. It is optimal to spend 15 minutes in front of the screen, but no more.

Active games for children 4 years old

dancing and singing to your favorite music;
At home you can buy children’s tennis or a tennis racket with a ball on a string for your child;
games with balloons, balls, fitball;
For an active pastime, hide and seek, finding hidden objects, and a toy bowling alley are suitable;
children can organize a cozy house or tent, assembled from blankets, pillows and other improvised materials - there they can play their role-playing games;
musical games to the compositions of E. Zheleznova, they allow children to dance, spin, sing along, and stomp. Undoubtedly, this activity will instill in children a love of music, develop their ear for music and help improve coordination of movements.

The child will be able to spend his time actively by carrying out some instructions from his mother or father - children feel like real masters and skillful housewives when they wash dust, wash dishes or sweep the floors.

How to keep a 4-year-old child occupied and do housework

What else can you do to entertain a four-year-old child if he is bored and has nothing to do? Children at this age can play independently for half an hour, and if the activity is very captivating, then for a whole hour, forgetting about time, mother and everything in the world.

At the same time, in order to keep a child occupied for a long time, you won’t need expensive toys (by the way, in my experience and the experience of other mothers, expensive toys occupy a baby for a short time; children are able to play with other “toys” for much longer, sometimes not intended for play - clothespins, tape, hole punch, buttons...)

Also, a four-year-old child can be introduced to some useful and unfamiliar activity, and he will be simply happy that his help is needed.

A few simple options that work flawlessly when you need to distract a child’s attention from adults:

In some cases, you can trust the child rolling out the dough, clearing the table, stirring the salad.
It will be a good help for mom putting things in order on the bottom shelves of cabinets, where you need to wipe dust or neatly fold clean things.
Four-year-old children are still attracted to games associated with all kinds of boxes and boxes. A mother can give her daughter a box of jewelry and thereby entertain the little one for at least half an hour by sorting out the jewelry on her own.
Collaborative creativity in the kitchen can completely absorb the attention of a daughter or son - for this it is enough to allow the baby to prepare an interesting dish on his own. The cook should be provided with everything he needs, even give him some simple products and let him prepare his culinary masterpiece. Believe me, the baby can be so captivated that the mother can calmly prepare lunch or dinner, especially since her beloved child is in her field of vision.
In addition, children continue to enjoy various construction sets and puzzles, they can play such games for a long time without disturbing their parents. All kinds of lacing, stringing beads and buttons on a thread, playing with a hole punch, building buildings from cubes and other parts have the same attractiveness for kids.
Now is also the time to introduce your child to scissors(if you haven’t done this before) - show your child how to use them correctly, give them old magazines, unnecessary sheets of paper (we always have “drafts” for drawing and cutting at home), wallpaper, plant them near you and while you do your homework activities, the child will be happy to practice skills in working with scissors. When the child has mastered working with scissors well, you can complicate the tasks - ask them to cut out circles, squares, triangles, and then count them (at the same time, learn mathematics).
Hole puncher(both regular) was my lifesaver when the children went to the office with me to work. You can’t take a lot of toys with you to work, but you need to keep your baby occupied with something. While mom was working, the children were either drawing or getting a hole punch and making many, many holes. I really liked coloring the paper with colored pencils first, and then punching a hole in the leaf and getting multi-colored confetti).
Stencils. Do you remember having letter stencils when we were kids? Now, in addition to letter stencils, there are various ones - with animals, geometric shapes, princesses, cars, ships, planes... and much more. Such stencils can be traced and painted. My daughter really likes to draw with the “princess” stencil, and my son had fun drawing cars.
About kinetic sand I've said it more than once. This is the most popular “toy” for us, especially in winter. We do not use purchased sand, but hand-made sand (you can see its recipe). By the way, children took an active part in its production. You can play with it for hours, for example, on the website I posted a selection of games that we play with children. I recommend taking a look, maybe you might like something too.
House. I remember as a child, my sister and I really loved to build houses from pillows, blankets, chairs, and armchairs. And they could play there for hours... So I bought a tent house for my children when my eldest child was one year old. Several years have passed, but the toy still does not lose its relevance. Sometimes I enjoy playing with the children in the house. They are sold in any children's store.
Stickers. Books with reusable or disposable stickers, or just a set of stickers and an album, can also keep a four-year-old child entertained without him walking around the house saying every now and then that he's bored and entertain me, Mom.
Drawing by dots, labyrinths, coloring(to do this, you can download blanks from the Internet or buy educational books in the store). It’s better to choose with your child so that he can choose, for example, which coloring book he wants to color and which one he doesn’t really like.
Old camera or phone. Give your child the opportunity to be an “adult” photographer. Give him an old camera or phone (I gave my child an old phone with a weak camera to be torn to pieces). Now he can make photo reports just like an adult. True, the memory fills up very quickly, as kids want to capture every moment of life. :)
Magic jar. I have a magic jar at home; I started it when my eldest child was about a year old (over time, the contents of the jar changed, but the jar was always there). When my 4 year old was bored and didn't know what to do. I handed him this magic jar, which the rest of the time was out of reach. It contains various “treasures” - coins, buttons, a “dog” from the castle and other not very large, but very fascinating objects. which can captivate my child for a long time.
Drawing according to the model. My daughter loves to draw - with paints, pencils, finger paints (by the way, I wrote how to do it here), felt-tip pens, using stencils, on, and of course just in an album. Often we learn from step-by-step instructions. Such instructions are available both on my website and on the Internet. I recently bought this book about how to draw any animal in 30 seconds. If I need to do something, my daughter can draw animals on her own according to the instructions, and then show me what happened. Often “interior” items are added to the animals - a cloud, the sun. trees, grass and other animals that she already knows how to draw.
Magnifier. Many parents underestimate such an interesting subject as... a magnifying glass. But this is a real find for the little researcher. In addition to exploring on the street everything that catches your eye - grass, a bug, a caterpillar. leaf, etc. You can continue your research at home.

How else to entertain a four-year-old: video

Having figured out what to do with a 4-year-old child at home, adults themselves can come up with something new, unusual and original for the entertainment and benefit of their children. This is not as difficult as it might seem, the main thing is that the activity matches the child’s hobbies and temperament.

Theme of the lesson: “Journey to the city of games.”

Target: formation of motive and motivation to achieve success in children 4-5 years old
Tasks:

Educational: consolidate the ordinal series of numbers, neighbors of numbers, teach children games for attention, observation, and logic.

Educational: develop children's emotional responsiveness and interest in games, develop attention, phonemic hearing, thinking, dexterity, and observation.

Educational: foster a sense of camaraderie and unity of action.

Equipment: Pinocchio doll, colored pencils, massage balls according to the number of children, magnetic numbers 0-5, pictures of gnomes, mushrooms, magnetic blue and green squares, toys.

Progress of the lesson.

Organizing time.

Hello guys! (Hello!). This morning they brought me a package to the club for us, I wonder who sent it? From Fixies! (open the parcel)

Guys, how interesting, where does Simka suggest we go?(Children's answers). Shall we go? And we will go to this city on a funny little train. Then quickly stand up one after another, bend your elbows. Everyone is ready, let's go!

Fun little train

Run on the rails!

Hurry to the city of Games

Bring us here!

Updating basic knowledge.

So you and I have arrived in the city of games, let's sit on the chairs. Guys, every street in this city has an unusual name. And the first street of Fingers. What do you think they are doing on this street? (children's answers). That's right, guys, you and I will play with our fingers so that they are the most dexterous, skillful and strong and never get tired.

Finger gymnastics “Winter” - guys, what time of year are we in now? (winter). Let's welcome our winter. Ready?

Exercise “Rings”. I say hello everywhere, at home and on the street, I even say hello to the neighbor’s chicken.

Games with a pencil “Swing” - I’ll swing it up and down, hold on to the pencil tighter.

Exercise: pebble - leaf, well - fence.

Games with a massage ball - the hedgehogs went for a walk at their mother's, exactly five of them, five - cheerful, mischievous, five - beautiful and funny.

You guys had a great time playing with your fingers, did you like it? Let's continue our journey, and you and I will find ourselves on the "Jolly Numbers" Avenue. Look who's greeting us? (gnomes)

How many gnomes meet us on the left side of the street? (5)

How many gnomes meet us on the right side of the street? (4)

Place as many blue squares on the top strip as there are gnomes. And on the bottom strip there are as many green squares as the number of mushrooms the gnomes collected.

Which squares are there more?

What needs to be done to make the number of blue and green squares equal? How many blue squares are there? How many green squares are there? (5)

Game "Place the numbers"

Guys, look at the numbers in order, are there any errors in this series? (children's answers, corrections).

Name the neighbors of the numbers 3, 2, 4.

Which number is between 3 and 5, after 2, etc.

On this street you and I completed all the tasks. Did you like the "Merry Numbers" Avenue? And I really liked it, but it’s time for us to move on. And he invites us to relax in the Otdykha park.

Physical exercise: “Pinocchio” - Pinocchio stretched, 1 - bent down, 2 - bent over, spread his arms to the sides, apparently he didn’t find the key. To get the key, we need to stand on our toes.

Game “How do you live?”

And now I will ask you questions, and you will show me the answer with a movement, you cannot talk. Ready? We won’t tell you where we were, but we’ll show you what we did:

How do you live? Like this

Are you swimming? Like this

Will you wave after me? Like this

How do you run? Like this

Are you sleeping in the morning? Like this

Are you looking into the distance? Like this

How do you jump? Like this

How do you wink? Like this

How are you frowning? Like this

How are you happy? Like this

How angry are you? Like this

How are you? Like this

How do you shout? Like this

How are you silent? Like this

Great, now let's stand in a circle.

We also know how to relax.

Let's put our hands behind our backs,

Let's raise our heads higher

And let’s breathe easily.

We had a great time, but it’s time for us to move on. We'll cross the bridge into the "Bukvoezhek" clearing and get there.

Street "Bukvoezhek".

Guys, what do you think we will do on this street? (children's answers)

Great, it’s winter outside and the birds don’t have enough food, right? Now let’s try to feed our little sparrows in our clearing. But I need your help, can you help? then now you will be hungry sparrows, and I am a very tasty caterpillar, and you want to eat me, if you correctly name the first sound in the word, then you take a step towards me. (duck, cloud, cheese, tail, echo, pen, watermelon, needle, elephant, screen, bridge, robot, drawing, sun, snail, dog). What a great fellow you are!

Summary of the lesson. Our journey in the city of Games has come to an end. It's time for us to go home. Quickly stand up one after another, bend your elbows. Everyone is ready, let's go!

Fun little train

Run on the rails!

You better come back

Bring us!

We sit on the chairs. Did you enjoy the trip? Do you want to return to the city of Games again? Tell me what you liked? (each child shares his impressions)

What did we do in class today? What games did you play? Name them.

Our lesson is over, see you again!

Children aged 6-7 years usually come to first grade differently prepared. Some people have certain talents, while others find developmental classes more difficult and acquire all the knowledge they need for the future directly at school.

However, you need to understand that school material will be learned much better and faster if the child feels confident in the lessons and is prepared in advance. But preparing for school is a long-term event and you need to start working with children for two years already in a playful way to develop thought processes. And classes with children 4-5 years old will be aimed already to master the basics of mathematics, grammar and other disciplines.

You don't need to be a qualified teacher to practice at home. Today we will talk about recommended developmental activities for children 4 years old and older and how to conduct them correctly at home.

Planning and program

Starting from 2-3 years old, every game or walk can be turned into a developmental activity. But for parents, with this form of training, it is very important not to miss many aspects, so all classes must be conducted according to the prepared program.

It is recommended to plan educational activities with children 4-5 years old a week in advance. Thanks to this planning, you will be able to prepare the necessary materials for classes and understand what is more interesting for the child, and which aspects are best developed in the baby.

Just like in the preschool exercise, Regular classes with your baby should be carried out in the following areas:

logic and arithmetic;
speech and literacy development;
drawing, modeling, appliqué and design;
physical exercise;
activities that help develop your horizons;
literature.

Each of the subjects should be evenly distributed in the program throughout the week, depending on what is most interesting to the baby. For example, you need to teach him literacy and letters only when the child himself is ready for it. And this does not have to be done at 4-5 years old, perhaps earlier, and perhaps later.

An approximate plan for developmental activities might look like this:

As you can see, such activity planning for children 4-5 years old includes daily creative activities and physical labor. During the period of growth, babies must develop maximum coordination of movement and splash out their energy, as well as develop imagination and motor skills.

But it will be difficult to include all disciplines in one day. Children at 4-5 years old get very tired, and you shouldn’t overload them with activities, even if they are interested in them.

The number of developmental activities may vary, it depends not only on your child’s inclinations, but also on the schedule. So, after kindergarten or a development center it is not always possible to have time for additional activities, and children do not always have the strength to do something at home. And the work of parents also affects this; they usually conduct classes at home on weekends or in the evenings.

If your child attends some specialized clubs in certain disciplines, then at home you can devote time to the material that was studied there in order to consolidate what has been learned.

Practical tasks for children 4-5 years old

When a child turns 4 years old, he needs to work on his existing skills, as well as on deepening his knowledge. The tasks must become more difficult all the time.. The basic list of a child’s skills by the age of five is as follows:

the ability to use prepositions correctly;
understand where is right, where is left, behind and in front;
distinguish between the concepts “many” and “little”, “more” and “less”;
name nouns by number;
be able to count to 10;
have the skill of drawing lines with a pencil without lifting it from the paper.

When the baby can perform the listed actions, you cannot stand still. It is important that the activities develop the baby and are interesting to him, otherwise he may lose interest in learning.

Tutorials and examples

As for the practical tasks themselves, they can be found in large quantities in special manuals for children.

Series of special benefits for children contain the following:

story visual materials;
games with stickers;
tasks for the development of a child’s logical thinking;
tasks to develop writing skills and much more.

Reading and writing

If you want your child to learn to read and write before school, then take a specially designed primer for preschoolers, which contains visual material about merging letters into syllables; its methodology is fully consistent with school curricula.

Also use educational games. For example, in order for a child to remember letters and be able to identify the first syllable in words, offer to think of any letter and look for objects in the ABC book or in the picture that begin with it. If your skills are already sufficiently developed, you can play for speed, and also complicate the task to find words with 2 letters or a specific letter at the end.

Another skill development game is to glue letter cards onto household objects according to what letter they begin with. You can deliberately confuse the letters so that the child finds the mistake.

Flashcards and other visual aids

Regardless of what discipline you are studying with your child, you can actively use cards with different exercises or pictures.

So, if you want to teach your child where “right” is and where “left” is, then you can use a special poster with drawn palms or pictures with circled images in one direction or another.

And to strengthen your knowledge of numbers and counting skills, you can use coloring books, where you not only need to color the picture, but also connect the dots in order to find out what is shown.

Thanks to the plot pictures, you can develop your baby’s speech. For example, ask questions about them or ask them to write stories. With the help of paired cards, logical thinking develops well when you need to find one object for another that is connected with it. For example, a picture with shoes will go well with a picture of a leg, etc.

Thematic lessons and foreign languages

When the child has already mastered the basic skills for his age, he can move on to more serious activities. For example, you can conduct thematic classes, which will help develop the baby’s thought processes and his horizons. Topics may vary:

space;
household;
sport;
toy store, etc.

If your child’s speech skills are already quite good and he speaks his native language well, then you can start learning a foreign language with him. This can be done both at home and in special clubs, where learning takes place in a playful way.

Physical activity for children 4-5 years old

At this age, along with intellectual and creative development, sports development must also be present. And if parents do not have the opportunity to send their child to a sports club, then they need to study at home. The following is recommended:

ball games (football, volleyball, etc.);
morning work-out;
gymnastics;
outdoor games;
dancing.

Naturally, each baby develops differently; do not scold your child if you see that something is not going according to plan. Best suggest those games, with the help of which the child can develop certain skills.

Parents, of course, should be involved in the preschool development and education of their child; this is very useful. However, it is absolutely impossible to turn this process into a routine or labor obligation. Children should enjoy the activities and learn with pleasure and inspiration.

Parents often think about how to prepare their son or daughter for school. What skills should children have who will sit at a desk for the first time in a year?

What are they?

Every year of life for children is a certain stage. It's the adults who don't change as quickly as they do. After all, childhood is the time of the most intense human development. In no other years does he acquire as much as as a preschooler.

During its first 5-6 years, a child turns from an absolutely helpless newborn into a fully developed person. He has his own interests and character traits, individual views on life. This speed of success and the manifestation of ever new abilities is simply amazing.

The child turned 5 years old. It is growing rapidly - right before our eyes. Such a boy or girl needs energy. Therefore, the quality of food is important.

The child's behavior also changes. He develops an evaluative attitude towards himself and other people. He is quite often interested in what is good and bad, and really wants to live by the rules. He condemns those who violate this. For him, his parents are an ideal, an object to be emulated in every detail. So try to make your example positive.

"I got it"

As for the psychological component, at 5 years old a child already understands a lot. He listens to your explanations and responds adequately to all requests from adults. He can occupy himself if his parents are not yet able to be with him.

Psychologists say: 90% of personality is formed between 5 and 7 years. And during these two generally short years, mothers and fathers can “put” into their child the very qualities that they consider necessary, and cultivate exactly those habits that, in their opinion, cannot be done without.

All this is not difficult. Children these years easily copy those whom they love, respect, and appreciate. Their behavior is the best, the most correct, the only possible. So control your actions and words. After all, if you say one thing and act completely differently, then don’t expect anything good from your child!

Write and read

Communicating with five-year-old boys and girls is a pleasure. At 5 years old, a child is interested in everything. He is unusually open to all new information, knowledge, as well as to various skills. He wants to do everything at once, try everything: dance, draw, and play tennis. It’s interesting that he actually has an easy time with both mental and physical skills.

It also surprises no one that even before first grade, many children already know letters, can write them, and some also read quite fluently. Children usually also master the simplest arithmetic operations; they can add and subtract. In a word, now is the most favorable time to “cram” more valuable and useful things into your child. Very little time will pass - and this wonderful, passionate interest in the world around us, which pleases mom and dad, will slowly fade away. So don't miss such a good time.

At the desk

Research by psychologists provides such interesting data. Of all the six-year-olds who go to school, only 30% have learned to hear what the teacher says, remember, do what he tells them to do, and then analyze their actions.

But 70% do not know how to do this, 25% require that the task be repeated to them twice or even three times. 30% of children hear, understand, remember, but do not know how to act independently. This boy sits and moves his pen across the table. It doesn't work, so to speak. The teacher should come up to him and say: “Come on, write the numbers.” Otherwise, he will not do anything until the end of the lesson and, therefore, will not learn.

This is where all the difficulties of a first-grader stem. And the reluctance to go to classes after a week. However, when a child has lived correctly for five years, all these skills have been formed.

Let them play more

A child is not an adult. He masters the world through play. All the rules of life, its laws and norms - only in a playful form, and not through lectures or notations. Therefore, it is necessary to teach him the same alphabet, reading, and arithmetic only in this way.

At this time, children begin to ask rather difficult questions, which makes some adults nervous. And in vain. You can’t brush off your son or daughter! For example, how do you answer this: “Why are the leaves green, but the sky is not, it’s blue?” Moms and dads, no matter how busy they are in the evenings, must answer all this truthfully and clearly. And here, educational games for children 4 - 5 years old are very good helpers, simply irreplaceable. They have no competitors yet.

Tests and puzzles

True, the kids will have to think very carefully. After all, the tasks are not so simple. But it will be an excellent training - for the development of memory, also imagination with attention, also counting, and other properties necessary for a preschooler.

For example, there are many crossword puzzles designed for this age. You can also make sentences from different words mixed together. How fascinated children are by tests! The ones where you need to choose only the correct answers.

Children love to look for all sorts of differences in the pictures. This is where attentiveness, perseverance, and perseverance develop.

There are many other types of pastime from the “educational games for children 4-5 years old” series. The same assembling puzzles is not just an activity to keep the child quiet at home and not bother anyone. No, this is a great way to develop his creative abilities.

All familiar letters

There will be nothing wrong if adults tell the child what letters are. This will be interesting for 5 year old children. But how to learn them with a child?

Usually girls and boys themselves begin to ask: “What are these badges?” - when someone at home reads a book to them. There is also a special alphabet for children 5 years old. This colorfully published alphabet is a wonderful book. She is still unfamiliar to the kids. So it's time to buy it right now and start practicing.

The main thing is not to demand that the baby firmly understand everything. It is more important to maintain interest in learning. It is enough to conduct such classes for children 4 - 5 years old for 10 - 15 minutes a day. It's good to learn letters with short words. But the form of the game is strictly required!

Guessing game

Folklore is more useful now than ever - riddles for children 5 years old. They are very figurative, concise, and easy to remember. This is a kind of mental gymnastics. And how beautifully creative thinking, the same ingenuity and ingenuity develops at the same time. And what is important for our time is the gift of solving simple problems in a very non-standard way. If you want to develop your child mentally, do not neglect guessing games. Moreover, kids love them very much. And composed in poetic form, they are much more interesting.

But in poetry they force children to pay attention to little things that previously remained unnoticeable, and broaden their horizons.

And what joy and pride comes over the child when he finds the correct answer! Moreover, children can play this way without adults, on their own, which gives them the ability to communicate with each other, live in a team and take into account others. All this will be useful not only at school, but in life in general. Contact people, as noted, are easier to advance in their careers, and their leisure time is more meaningful.

Another tip. Solve riddles with your children. Or try to come up with them yourself. Even on your everyday, vital material. It is very funny! Not to mention the benefits for the whole family, for the good atmosphere in it.

New idea

Praise your children more for success in any activity. Don't scold for mistakes. Is everything going smoothly at work for you? And don’t get tired of maintaining a keen interest in learning in your child, and not only in the area of reading.